Define Artificial Intelligence in detail with the application areas.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans.
 Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include:

• Speech recognition 
• Learning 
• Planning 
• Problem solving

 Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. It has become an essential part of the technology industry.

Research associated with artificial intelligence is highly technical and specialized. The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for certain traits such as: Knowledge 

• Reasoning 
• Problem solving 
• Perception 
• Learning 
• Planning 
• Ability to manipulate and move objects 

Knowledge engineering is a core part of AI research. Machines can often act and react like humans only if they have abundant information relating to the world. Artificial intelligence must have access to objects, categories, properties and relations between all of them to implement knowledge engineering. Initiating common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power in machines is a difficult and tedious approach.

Machine learning is another core part of AI. Learning without any kind of supervision requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions. Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Mathematical analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a well-defined branch of theoretical computer science often referred to as computational learning theory.

Machine perception deals with the capability to use sensory inputs to deduce the different

aspects of the world, while computer vision is the power to analyze visual inputs with few sub-problems such as facial, object and speech recognition. Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping.

 Applications of Artificial Intelligence:-

1. Problem Solving 
2. Game Playing 
3. Theorem Proving 
4. Natural Language Processing & Understanding 
5. Perception General(Speech Reorganization · Pattern Reorganization) 
6. Image Processing 
7. Expert System 
8. Computer Vision 
9. Robotics 
10. Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction 
11. Automatic programming 
12. Planning & Decision Support systems 
13. Engineering Design & Comical Analysis 
14. Neural Architecture. 
15. Heuristic Classification.